Deck house



March 28, 1939. E. J. w. RAGSDALE- ET AL 5 0 DECK HOUSE Original Filed March 22, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 EAnLlWRAesDALE CHARLES B. CONWELL INVENTORS BY THOMAS IHONJORDAN. I (7 ATTO ZZEYQ March 28, 1939. E. J. w. RAGSDALE ET AL 2,152,605

DECK HoiisE Original Filed March 22, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Ill \\\\\M\M\\l|IIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I N V EN TORS EARLJNV. RAGsDALE CHARLES B. CONWELL TH OMAS C11 HON J ORDAN- A TTORNE March 1939- E. J. w. RAGSDALE ET AL 2,152,605

DECK HOUSE Original Filed March 22, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 5 Tii l l y MI W *u gfi'illl Hi1? t PICLB. H5117.

LO INVENTORS Q 7% EARLlWRAGsDALE t BY CHARLES B.CONWELL a g THoMAsGuarmlmanmqv 9 l I Z Wau h zzruzrfiazm I ATTORNE March 28, 1 3 E. J. w. RAGSDALE ET AL 2,152,505

DECK HOUSE Original' Filed March 22, 1934 B-Sheets-Sheet 5 IVER/TOR; EARL 1W .QAGsDALE CHARLES B. CONWELL Y HOMAS Gmo JORDAN ATTORNEY.

Maich 28, 1939.

E. J. W. RAGSDALE ET AL DECK HOUSE Original Filed March 22, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 I IN V EN TORS EARL lWRAesDALE CHARLES E. CoNwELL ATTORNEY.

March 1939- l E. .1 w. RAGSDALE ET AL 2,152,605

DECK HOUSE Original Filed March 22,, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet '7 v INVENTORS EARL JW. RAGSDALE C HARLES B. CONWELL.

BY HOMA Gil-ION JORDAN ATTORNEY.

March 2 1939- E. J w. RAGSDALE ET AL 2,152,605

DECK HOUSE Original Filed March 22, 1934 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 IN V EN TORS' EARL. 1W RAGSDALE CHARLES B.CQNWELL BY THOMAS Gmon JORDAN W I ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 28, 1939 Earl I. w. Ragsdale, Norristown, Pa., Charles B.

Conwell, Los Angeles, Calif., and Thomas Gihon Jordan; Philadelphia, Pa.,

as'signors to Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia, Pa... a corporation of Pennsyl- Vania Application March 22, 1934, Serial No. 716,88!

' Renewed September 2.1938

A 6 Claims. (01. 139 -34) The present invention relates in general to sheet metal building structures and particularly to the fabrication of such structures from sheet stainless steel.

5 The general object is to provide a superstructure or deck housing for shipsdecks or the like capable of being constructed of sheet stainless steel in a manner to take full advantage of its high tensile strength, noncorrodability and other 10 qualities, while using a minimum amount of. ma-

terial thus minimizing weight and incidentally substantially offsetting the high cost of this relatively material.

. Anotherfobject is to provide a novel construc- 15 tion of sheet metal paneling, and sheet metal beams, girders and posts capable of being readily constructed by spot welding, together with special joint structures, all of such elements being so cooperatively related in form and structure as to afford the fabrication of a complete superstructure including decks and housing with maximum strength and minimum weight.

Aspecial object is the provision of a novel camberedbeam construction permitting the con- 25 struction of' beams of any camber from identical structural elements and the provision of special joint constructions particularly adapted to the joinder of such beams with girders, posts and partitions.

30 Another object is,the provision of an arrang ment facilitating the joining of completed sections of the stainless steel superstructure together and to carbon steel portions of the ship.

Various other objects to be brought out as the description proceeds, look tothe solution of various problems arising from the nature of the material used and seek to provide novel constructionai forms and arrangements thereof utilizing to the greatest advantage the peculiar character- 40 istics of stainless steel.

A more thorough understanding of the invention will be had upon reference to the following specification and the drawings accompanyingthe s m Inthe drawings:

Fig. 1 is a rear elevation of a ships superstructure embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view looking from-the right in Fig. 1. 4 Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a: deck constructed according to theinvention.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, enlarged section taken on the line l4 of Fig. 3.

Fig.5 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken 55 on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 6 is a detail of the paneling structure in transverse section and partly broken away.

- Fig. 7 is an-inside persective view of a panel section with stiffening posts.

Fig. 8 is,a front perspective view of asection of paneling.

Fig. 9 is an outside plan view of a portion of the paneling showingan air port opening.

Fig. 10 is a section on line Iii-Ill of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a section on the line llll of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary section on the line l2--l2 of Fig. 9' greatly enlarged. v

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary section on the line l3--l3 of Fig. 9'on a larger scale.

Fig. 14 is a section on line "-44 of Fig. 13. 15

Fig. 15 is an inside plan view of the panel section containing a door opening.

Fig. 16 is a section on the line Iii-'48 of'Fig. 15.-

Fig. 1'? is a section on the line ll-il of Fig. 15. Fig. 18 is a fragmentary detail horizontal section through one of the panel posts.

Fig. 19'is a detail section of a typical joint between paneling and beam with butt strip.

Fig. 20 is a side elevatlonof a portion of cambered deck beam.

- Fig. 21 is a fragmentary top plan view show- -ing the intersection of transverse, cambered beams with longitudinal girder.

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary plan view of an intersecting joint between beams.

Fig. 23 is' a perspective view of joint at the intersection of a beam and girder.

Fig. 24 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the joint shown in Fig. 2.3.

Fig. 25 is a fragmentary horizontal section through the corner post of a section of panel.

Fig. 26 is a fragmentary inside'plan view of a joint connecting the base of a panel post with the ship's deck.

. Fig. 2'7 is a section. taken on the line 2|-2'| Of Fig. l. I

Fig. 28 is a fragmentary side elevation partly in section showing the connection of a stainless steel paneling with a carbon steel beam.

Fig. 29 is a horizontal section showing connection of stainlesssteel paneling with carbon steel column.

Fig. 30 is a horizontal. section showing a modifled form of connection between stainless steel paneling and carbon steel column.

Figure 31 is a fragmentary sectional view showmg a method of attachment of a stainless steel wall panel to a carbon steel coaming;

- Figure 32 is a similar view showing an alternative such connection, and

.ance with the present invention, and in a manner to bereadily joined on to existing carbon steel parts of a ship, It is to be understood, of

- course, that the invention is not limited to such particular kind of structure, but may be em- ,bodied in structures of various shapes and contours .according to, the intended use, the inven-- tion being concerned mainly with the wall and .deck panelingand the framing which go to make up the complete superstructure of decks and deck housings. The structure of the paneling used for the v ous side walls and deck floorings, is shown in its essence in Figs. 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 19, where it will be seen that the paneling element comprises an outer sheath l0 overlaid by an inner strip ll of transversely corrugated sheet material with "reinforcing angle strips It extendingalong the juxtaposed faces of the corrugations, while the edges of-the corrugated strip. The corrugatedstrip 'is spot welded to the-strip-of sheathing II! by spot welds between the sheath l0 and the stiffening angle strips l2 are spot welded to the corrugated strip across the corrugations through the outer faces of the corrugations near their 7 ends. An edge flange I3 isformed at each edge to .each other.

brought into overlapping relation being spot of the panel by extensions of the sheath I 0 beyond the edges of the corrugated strip, while other edge flanges M are formed by the outwardly extending sides of the angle strips l2. The three elements, sheathing, corrugated. strip and angle strips thus fo'rmssubstantially rigid strip of panelinglwith a pairoi edge flanges l3l4 extending longitudinally along each edge of the panel and projecting substantially at right angles The flanges. l3ll permit the making of a flrm spot welded connection-of the edges of the panels with two angularly disposed faces of the posts, beams or girders according to whether the panelsare to be used for wall paneling or deck flooring.

Where such paneling is used in the construction of side walls the side edges'of the panels are connected to suitable up-right posts through the pairs of edge flanges l3-.-' l4, as shownin Figs. '7, 8 and 18, where l5 indicates one of a plurality of vertical posts between which the paneling strips are connected. 'As' shown in Fig. 18, this connection ismade by lapping the flange l3 0! the panel over a portion of the bottom wall oipthe channel section post l5, which brings the flange I 4 of the panel into overlapping engagement with one side wall of the'post, the portions thus welded together. Two such strips of paneling are connected to the post on either side with their flanges l3 in close proximity to each other along the bottom wall of the post preferably out of abuttingrelation with each other. The seam between the two edges of the paneling is then covered over with a butt strap l6 secured thereto by spot welds passing through lap ing elements.

ere the paneling is used for deck flooring it is laid over the various beams and girders as the several over- 23 is secured to shown in Figs. 4, 12 and 19. Here an edge flange l3 of the panel overlapsa top edge of a beam l1,

while the flange l4 overlaps a side wall of the.

beam, the parts thus being brought into overlapping engagement being spot welded together through their overlapping portions. To produce a closed seam, the edge flanges 13 oi the sheathing may be brought into close proximity along the central line of the beam without abutting, and the open seam closed by a butt strap ID, or the juxtaposed flanges l3 of successive panels may simply overlap along the top edge of the beam, and the whole secured together by spot welds through the three overlapping members, that is, the two-overlapping extensions of the sheathing and the top wall of the beam as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4.

The posts ii are especially adapted to cooperation with the panel elements for forming the side walls of the superstructure in that they are formed each of achannel section member 20 (Fig. 11) arranged to be closed by cover strip 2| strips To enable the cover strip to be readily applied with 'a secure joint,-the side walls of the channel member are flanged outwardly tor flat overlapping engagement with the cover strip be- I tween the stiffening flanges of the cover. Further stiffening of the covering strip is aflorded by oflsetting its. central portion inwardly to flt in between the edges of the trough member 20 as shown in Fig. 11. Thus all the spot weld joints between the post, the flanges oi the partition element and the cover-strip are through flatly engaging overlapping portions. panel member to the post member, through the flanges l3 and-l4 extending at right-angles to each other, any stresses on one spot welded joint caus-' ing a pulling stress on 'a set of spot welds of one flange will be resisted by the shear resistance ofthe spot welds of the other flange. Where certain portions 01' the sidewalls require extra reinforcement, the posts 15 may be formed with a y joining the deeper channel member 20 as shown in Fig. 18,

and the sides of the channel member reinforced by a suitable corrugated strip 22 spot welded to the sides thereof; -Where the side walls join at an obtuse angle, the vertical post takes the form shown in Fig. 25 where it willbe seen that the post is constructed in a mannersimilar in all respects to that above described except that the channel section member of the post has its 130E! tom wall formed .with two angularly disposed faces, with each side wall arranged at right anglesto the adjacent faces of the bottom wall so as to receive the right angularly disposed flanges l3--ll of the panel elements.

of the posts to In order to secure the bottoms an existing carbon steel structure, such as the deck oi the ship, the bottoms of the posts are provided with joining members 23 (Figs. -13 and 14) in the form of footings of enlarged bottom area, formed from carbon steel and riveted or otherwise secured to the bottoms of the posts, preferably by rivets 24, or other suitable method of connection which may be eflected without having to subject the stainless steel-0t the post to the amount of heat which would be necessary carbon steel memto weld the relatively thick low ber 23 thereto. The lower end oi the footing the carbon steel deck structure V p 2,152,605 by are vwelding as indicated at 25. Similarly where a joint is to be made between the panel and an existing coaming of carbon steel 26 (Fig. 31) the wall section containing several paneling elements as indicated in Figs. 7 and 8 is provided at its lower edge with an insert 21 of stainless steel of a gauge substantially equal to the gauge of the coaming 26, the insert 21 being spot welded between the outer sheathing l and an inner" strip 28 inserted along the bottom of the paneling between the outer sheath and the inner corrugated panel element II. The insert 21 may be joined to the existing low carbon steel coaming 26 by arc welding as indicated at 29. Alternature are illustrated in Figs. 26 to 30 and 33. 'In

Figs. 26 and 2'7, is shown a joint for connecting a partition post I to the ships deck, which takes.

the form of a short up-right post 56 of channel section fitted inside the channel element of the post l5 and secured thereto by rivets 51 and I likewise to a plate 58 of low carbon steel, the

latter to be are welded to the low carbon steel deck of the ship. 4

Where the posts l5 are to be joined to an existing horizontal beam or girder 59 (Fig. 28) they are likewise joined through joining members Gil of low carbon steel riveted tothe posts and arc welded to the girder 59. Figs. 29 and 30 show methods of joining the paneling sections to existing carbon steel pillars GI and 62. Fig. 33 illustrates the method of attaching such a carbon steel joint member to the end post of a side wall section. 1

The beams and the girders which in cooperation with the typical paneling elements form the decks of the superstructure are especially adapted to being given any desired camber in their fabrication without variation in the form of their constituentelements. A typical beam and girder are shown in Figs. 20, 21, 23 and 24.

Referring first to the construction of a beam such as indicated at 3|, this comprises a top chord member 32 of downwardly facing channel section and a pair of bottom chord members 33 and 34 of angle section each of the latter members being arranged with one side extending upwardly in the plane of the adjacent side of the channel section top chord member and the other side extending outwardly of the beam toform a lateral extending flange. joined by a pair of sheet metal web members 35 and 36 corrugated transversely of the beam, each connecting one of the bottom chord members 33 or 34 with the adjacent side of the top chord member. The corrugations of the web members extend transversely of the beam between; the top and bottom chord members and are of such cross sectional contour asto form a series of ribs or corrugations with flat'faces of a width greater than the'depth of the corrugations, preferably at 1 least four times the depth of the corrugations. By thus forming the web members of corrugated sheet material, the web members may be placed between the top and bottom chord members at to assume the camber oi the chord members without buckling.

This renders the fabrication. of such a cam- The upper and lower chord members are.

bered beam as illustrated in Fig. '20 extremely simple. The sheet metal top or bottom chord members 32 and 33-44 being of resilient, high tension stainless steel (18 and 8 alloy) may be readily held in, the desired cambered position in a suitable jig while the web members 35 and 36 are fitted in between the chord members and secured in place by spot welds 31 between the overlapping portions of the relatively wide flat surfaces of the corrugations and the chord members. After the web and chord members are thus joined, and the paneling elements spot welded to the top chord of the beam aspreviously described in connection with Fig. 19, the bottom cover strip 38 is spot welded on to the bottom faces of the chord members 33-34 completing the box section beam. By

making the corrugations with their outer faces fiat and sufliciently wide to facilitate spot welding to the chord members, with relatively shallow depth, a compromise is effected between vertical shear strength and longitudinal shear strength of the web, while affording suflicient depth to per-.

mit warping of the web into the camber ot the chord members without buckling.

The large beams or girders 39 are formed in a manner similar in all respects to that of the beams of 3|, and involve the same principle of construction, except that the sheet metal web members 40 are formed with their flat surfaces on one side of the webbing with intervening ribs or beads extending toward the other side, the

flat faces being extremely wide in proportion to the depth of the ribs or beads. Here also the intervening shallow ribs or beads 4| are not too deep to detract from longitudinal shear strength,

but are' of suflicient depth to stiffen the web against vertical shear, at thesame time permitting the girder to be formed with a camber such as that of the beam 3! (Fig. 2) without buckling of the web members.

Where the beams and girders intersect or abutt, as in Figs. 21 or 23, the joint is effected by discontinuing the beam where it intersects the girder so that the adjacent ends of the two separatebeam portions abutt opposite faces of the girder. The joint between the beam sections and 'beam 3|. The flanges 44 are formed fromintegral portionsof the web member while for purposes of adjustment the flanges 45 are formed by separate angle pieces spot welded to the web members of the girder. To further reinforce the joint, a reinforcing member 46 of channel section is 'fltted between the gusset plates 42-43 with its bottom wall spot welded to'the top and bottom chord members of the girder as indicated at 41 and 48, and its side walls spot welded to the gusset plates 42 and 43 as indicated at 43 and 50. Joints, such as shown in Figs. 20, 21 and 23 occur in the finished superstructure in the manner shown in Figs. 3 4 and 5 where the relation of certain girders 36 and I beams 3| are clearly shown. Fig.- 3 shows a girder}! running longitudinally through the center of the superstructure deck with intersecting beams 3| extending transdeck flooring, in the neighborhood of the junction -"between a girder 39 and beam 3|, is clearly shown in Figs. Mind 5. It will be noted upon reference to Figs 4 and 5 that before attachment of the cover strips 38 and-5| of 'the beam 3| and girder 39, respectively, ready access is had through the open bottoms of the beams and girders for spot welding the panel "elements on to the channel bottoms and sides of the beams and girders before the cover strips are applied.

Where it is desired to join two intersecting beams 3|, the joint shown in Fig. 22 is used. In this figure, the portion to the right of. the irregular line 52 is a full plan view of the joint while the portion to the left of the line 52 is broken away in section on a horizontal plane through the top chord members of the beams just above the flanges of such top chord members; The

beams are identical in structure, but to distin guish one from the other at the intersecting joints, one of the beams is designated 3| while the other is designated 3| The top chord member 32 of the beam 3| continues through the joint with the exception of its flanges which are cut away where the 'beam passes through the joint. The beam 3| is discontinued at the joint so as to have the two sections terminate at the sides of the beam 3|. The two sections of the beam 3| are secured to the beam (Fig. 22) by angle strips 53 extending around in overlapping engagement with the inner faces of the side walls of the top chord members 32 of both the beam 3| and the abutting sections of the beam 3 the angle plates 53 being spot welded to the overlapping surfaces. Further reinforcing connection between the abutting sections 3| and the continuous. beam 3| is eifected by the straight gusset plates 54 which extend transversely through the beam 3| into overlapping engagement with those portions of the .angle strips 53 which extend into the sections of beam 3|, and are spot welded thereto.

Further reinforcement-and joindure is effected by a pair of vertically positioned joining posts 55 of channel section having their bottom walls spot welded to the side-walls of the top and bottom chord members 32' and their side walls spot welded to the gusset plates 54. Where the angle plates 53 pass out of the continuous beam 3| into the sections of beam 3|, they are notched in the plane of theside wall of the beam 3| so asto fit around the side wall and avoid having to make a break in the side wall. Similarly, the gusset plates 54 are also notched to permitthe side walls gauge. Likewise, where the windows or air ports 63 occur in the side walls of the structure, the corrugated paneling is discontinued and a relatively heavy sheet 69 inserted containing the air port. opening. This sheet 69 extends the full width between posts l5 as shown in Fig. 11. The opening in sheet 69 is provided with a suitable circular frame element 10 and weather she'd II.

All around the structure where the edges of a non-.housed portion of the deck terminate flush with the plane of the outer wall faces of the deck housing below, as at 12 in Figs. '1. 12 and 16, a.

- coaming is provided by a strip 13 of angle section arranged to overlap the edge portion of the deck and extend upwardly to form the inner faces of.

a coaming, the outer faces of the coaming being formed by a suitable front strip 14 extending up While certain specific embodiments of the invention have been discribed herein for the purpose of disclosure it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to such specific embodiments, but contemplates all suchvariations and modifications thereof as fall fairly within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, whatwe claim is: h

1. A sheet metal housing structure comprising a. pair of spaced frame elements of channel section, a flat sheet metal panel connecting said frame elements and spot welded thereto in overlapping engagement with the back walls of said frame elements, a panel of corrugated sheet metal spot welded to said flat panel and extending between said frame elements with the corrugations substantially normal to the frame elements, and strips of angle section arranged with one side spot-welded to the corrugated panel along the surface thereof remote from the inner surface of the fiat panel to form with the edge of the fiat paneland the corrugations an open trussed beam and the other side of the angle-section strip spot welded to a side wall of said frame element.

2. A metallic building structure, comprising a plurality of substantially rigid panel units each comprising a substantally flat sheet, transverse reinforcements constituted by a corrugated sheet fastened to the fiat sheet with the corrugations terminating short of the side margins of the flat sheet, a sheet metal angle-section strip connecting the corrugations at their ends to form an open truss beam structure along each side of the panel and a plurality of frame elements of channel section having the bottom of the channel abutting the marginal edges of adjacent panel 'units and one edge of the angle section strip abutting a side of the frame element. v

3. A panel for metallic building structures as claimed in claim 26 in which the transverse reinforcements are interrupted intermediate the ends of the panel and a relatively heavy flat sheet provided with an opening is secured in the interrupted portion, said heavy sheet extending the full width of the transverse reinforcements.

4. In combination, a spot welded building structure comprising a sheet metal frame element of channel section, a substantially rigid panel unit comprisng a flat sheet having transverse reinforcements constituted by a corrugated sheet spot welded to the flat sheet with the corrugations terminating short of the side margins of the fiat sheet and a sheet metal angle strip spot welded to the corrugations at their ends to form an open truss beamstructure along each side of the panel, a side margin of the fiat sheet being spot welded to the outside of the bottom wall of the channel-section frame element and said-angle strip being spot welded to the outside of a side wall of the channel section frame.

5. In combinationa spot welded building struc-.

ture as claimed in claim 4 having a cover strip spot welded "over the open-side of the channelsection frame element;

,6. A metallic building structure comprising sheet metal frame elements of channel section, preformed panel units one of which has a window opening, each having a pair of edge flanges extending at right angles to each other, two of said panel units being spot welded to a channelsection frame element each through one of its edge flanges in overlapping engagement with the outside of the bottom wall of said channel-section frame element at points of overlap accessible from opposite sides and with the adjacent edges of the flanges spaced apart, the other flange of ment at points of overlap accessible from opposite sides, and through substantially the entire length of the frame element.

EARL J. W. RAGSDALE. CHARLES B. CONWELL. THOMAS GIHON JORDAN. 

